2007 in paleontology

            List of years in paleontology       (table)
… 1997 .  1998 .  1999 .  2000  . 2001  . 2002  . 2003 …
2004 2005 2006 -2007- 2008 2009 2010
… 2011 .  2012 .  2013 .  2014  . 2015  . 2016  . 2017 …
   In science: 2004 2005 2006 -2007- 2008 2009 2010     
Related time period  or  subjects
 2004 . 2005 . 2006 - 2007 - 2008 . 2009 . 2010 
1970s . 1980s . 1990s -2000s- 2010s . 2020s . 2030s

 20th century . 21st century . 22nd century 

Art . Archaeology . Architecture . Literature . Music . Science +...

Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised faeces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred in the year 2007.

Contents

Fungi

newly named

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Margaretbarromyces[2]

Valid

  • Mindell
  • Stockey
  • Beard
  • Currah

Eocene

  • Appian Way Flora.

 Canada

Extinct ascomycete fungus

Palaeoagaracites[3]

Valid

  • Poinar
  • Buckley

Late Albian (Cretaceous)

  • Burmese amber.

 Myanmar

oldest mushroom genus described from the fossil record.

Arthropoda

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Eophyllium[4]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Wedmann, Bradler, Rust

Eocene

Messel Pit fossil site

 Germany

First leaf insect from the fossil record.

Glisachaemus[5]

gen et sp nov

valid

Szwedo

Early Eocene

Baltic amber

 Europe

new planthopper genus.

Mongolbittacus[6]

gen et sp nov

Vaild

Petrulevicius, Huang & Ren

Middle Jurassic

Jiulongshan Formation

 China

A bittacid

Sialis (Protosialis) casca[7]

sp nov

jr synonym of Protosialis casca

Engel & Grimaldi

Burdigalian

Dominican Amber

 Dominican Republic

only alderfly from the West Indies fossil record.

Dinosaurs

Newly named non-avian dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.[8]

Name Status Authors Notes Images
Achillesaurus [9] Valid taxon
  • Martinelli
  • Vera
Albertaceratops[10] Valid taxon
  • Michael J. Ryan
Amargatitanis[11] Valid taxon
  • Sebastián Apesteguía
Asylosaurus[12] Valid taxon
Australodocus[13] Valid taxon
  • Kristian Remes
Berberosaurus[14] Valid taxon
  • Ronan Allain
  • Ronald Tykoski
  • Najat Aquesbi
  • Nour-Eddine Jalil
Cedrorestes [15] Valid taxon
  • Gilpin
  • DiCroce
  • Carpenter
Cerasinops[16] Valid taxon
  • Brenda J. Chinnery
Dongbeititan [17] Valid taxon
  • Wang
  • You
  • Meng
  • Gao
  • Cheng
  • Liu
Dromomeron[18] Valid non-dinosaurian taxon.
  • Randall B. Irmis
  • Sterling J. Nesbitt
  • Kevin Padian
  • Nathan D. Smith
  • Alan H. Turner
  • Daniel Woody
  • Alex Downs
non-dinosaurian reptile
Eocursor[19] Valid taxon
  • Richard J. Butler
  • Roger M. H. Smith
Eotriceratops[20] Valid taxon
  • Wu X.
  • Brinkman
  • Eberth
  • Braman
Futalognkosaurus[21] Valid taxon
  • Calvo
  • Porfiri
  • González-Riga
  • Kellner
Gigantoraptor[22] Valid taxon
  • Zhao X.
  • Tan L.
Gripposaurus Nomen nudum
  • Barrett
  • Upchurch
  • Zhou X.
  • Wang X.
Jiangjunosaurus[23] Valid taxon
  • Jia C.
  • Forster ( misspelled as Foster)
Lamplughsaura[24] Valid taxon
Lophostropheus[25] Valid taxon
  • Martin D. Ezcurra
  • Gilles Cuny
Luanchuanraptor[26] Valid taxon
  • Xu L.
  • Zhang X. L.
  • Ji Q.
  • Jia S.
  • Hu W.
  • Zhang J. M.
  • Wu Y.
Mahakala[27] Valid taxon
  • Alan H. Turner
  • Diego Pol
  • Julia A. Clarke
"Muyelensaurus" Nomen nudum

Calvo González-Riga (as González Riga) Porfiri vide:

  • Calvo
  • Porfiri
  • González-Riga
  • Kellner
Nanningosaurus[28] Valid taxon
  • Mo
  • Zhao Z.
Nopcsaspondylus[11] Valid taxon
  • Sebastián Apesteguía
Oryctodromeus[29] Valid taxon
  • David J. Varricchio
  • Anthony J. Martin
  • Yoshihiro Katsura
Paluxysaurus[30] Valid taxon
  • Peter J. Rose
Pantydraco[31] Valid taxon
  • Kermack
Pradhania[24] Valid taxon
Shanag[32] Valid taxon
  • Turner
  • Hwang
  • Mark Norell
Sinocalliopteryx[33] Valid taxon
  • Ji S.
  • Ji Q.
  • Yuan
Suzhousaurus[34] Valid taxon
  • Li D.
  • Peng C.
  • You
  • Lamanna
  • Harris
  • Lacovara
  • Zhang J. P.
Urbacodon[35] Valid taxon
  • Averianov
Zhejiangosaurus[36] Valid taxon
  • Jin X.
  • Sheng
  • Li Y. H.
  • Wang G. P.
  • Azuma
Zhongyuansaurus[37] Valid taxon
  • Xu L.
  • Zhang X. L.
  • Jia S.
  • Hu W.
  • Zhang J. M.
  • Wu Y.
  • Ji Q.
Zhuchengosaurus[38] Junior synonym of Shantungosaurus
  • Zhao X.
  • Li D.
  • Han G.
  • Zhao H.
  • Liu F.
  • Li L.
  • Fang X.

Newly named birds

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Kelenken[39]

Valid

  • Bertelli
  • Chiappe
  • Tambussi

Middle Miocene

Collón Curá Formation

 Argentina

A phorusrhacid.

Martinavis[40]

Valid

  • Walker
  • Buffetaut
  • Dyke

Campanian/Maastrichtian

Grès à Reptiles Formation

 France

An enantiornithine.

M. vincei[40]

Valid

  • Walker
  • Buffetaut
  • Dyke

Maastrichtian

Lecho Formation

 Argentina

An enantiornithine.

Bony fish

Cartilaginous fish

New papers

Plants

Angiosperms

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Trochodendron drachuckii[41]

Valid

  • Pigg
  • Dillhoff
  • DeVore
  • Wehr

Ypresian

unnamed formation, Kamloops Group

 Canada

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Notes

Eopolycotylus

Valid

  • Albright
  • Gillette
  • Titus

Pahasapasaurus

Valid

  • Schumacher

Palmula

Renamed Palmulasaurus, as preoccupied by a genus of foraminifera.

  • Albright
  • Gillette
  • Titus

Palmulasaurus

Valid

  • Albright
  • Gillette
  • Titus

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Notes

Aralazhdarcho

Valid

Averianov

Gegepterus

Valid

Wang, X. Kellner et al.

Tupandactylus

Valid

Kellner Campos

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Charassognathus[42]

Valid

  • Botha
  • Abdala
  • Smith

 South Africa

Deccanodon[43]

Valid

  • Narth
  • Yadagiri

 India

Katumbia[44]

Valid

  • Angielczyk

 Tanzania

New genus for "Cryptocynodon" parringtoni

Lophorhinus[45]

Valid

 South Africa

Mammals

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Junggaroperadectes[46]

Valid

  • Ni
  • Meng
  • Wu
  • Ye

Early Oligocene

Keziletuogayi Formation

 China

A peradectine marsupial

Nakalipithecus[47]

Valid

  • Kunimatsu
  • Nakatsukasa
  • et al.[CAL 1]

Tortonian

Nakali Foramtion

 Kenya

Footnotes

Complete author list

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

  1. ^ Kunimatsu, Nakatsukasa, Sawada, Sakai, Hyodo, Hyodo, Itaya, Nakaya, Saegusa, Mazurier, Saneyoshi, Tsujikawa, Yamamoto, Mbua.

References

  1. ^ Newman, Garfield, et al (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 0-07-088739-X. 
  2. ^ Mindell, R.A.; Stockey, R.A., Beard, G., & Currah, R.S. (2007). "Margaretbarromyces dictyosporus gen. sp. nov.: a permineralized corticolous ascomycete from the Eocene of Vancouver Island, British Columbia". Mycological Research 111 (6): 680–684. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.010. PMID 17601718. http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/94/3/351. 
  3. ^ Poinar, G.O.; Buckley, R. (2007). "Evidence of mycoparasitism and hypermycoparasitism in Early Cretaceous amber". Mycological Research 111 (4): 503–506. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.02.004. PMID 17512712. 
  4. ^ Wedmann, Sonja; Bradler, Sven; Rust, Jes (9 January 2007). "The first fossil leaf insect: 47 million years of specialized cryptic morphology and behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (2): 565–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606937104. PMC 1766425. PMID 17197423. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/104/2/565. Retrieved 2007-01-15. 
  5. ^ Szwedo, J. (2007). "Glisachaemus jonasdamzeni gen. et sp. nov. of Cixiidae from the Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)". Alavesia 1: 109–116. http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/4299.pdf. 
  6. ^ Petrulevicius, J. F.; Huang, D-Y.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new hangingfly (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China". African Invertebrates 48 (1): 145–152. http://fossilinsects.net/pdfs/Lpetrul.145-152.pdf. 
  7. ^ Engel, M.S.; Grimaldi D.A. (2007). "The neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)". American Museum Novitates 3587: 1–58. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3587[1:TNFODA]2.0.CO;2. 
  8. ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". http://www.polychora.com/dinolist.html. Retrieved 2008-08-07. 
  9. ^ Martinelli, A.G.; Vera, E. I. (2007). "Achillesaurus manazzonei, a new alvarezsaurid theropod (Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Río Negro Province, Argentina". Zootaxa 1582: 1–17. 
  10. ^ Ryan, M.J. (2007). "A new basal centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Oldman Formation, southeastern Alberta". Journal of Paleontology 81 (2): 376–396. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[376:ANBCCF]2.0.CO;2. http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1666%2F0022-3360%282007%2981%5B376%3AANBCCF%5D2.0.CO%3B2. 
  11. ^ a b Apesteguía, Sebastián (2007). "The sauropod diversity of the La Amarga Formation (Barremian), Neuquén (Argentina)". Gondwana Research 12 (4): 533–546. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.04.007. 
  12. ^ Galton, Peter (2007). "Notes on the remains of archosaurian reptiles, mostly basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs, from the 1834 fissure fill (Rhaetian, Upper Triassic) at Clifton in Bristol, southwest England". Revue de Paléobiologie 26 (2): 505–591. 
  13. ^ Remes, Kristian (2007). "A second Gondwanan diplodocid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Tendaguru Beds of Tanzania, East Africa". Palaeontology 50 (3): 653–667. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00652.x. 
  14. ^ Allain, Ronan; Tykoski, Ronald; Aquesbi, Najat; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Monbaron, Michel; Russell, Dale; and Taquet, Phillipe (2007). "A basal abelisauroid from the late Early Jurassic of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, and the radiation of ceratosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (3): 610–624. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[610:AADTFT]2.0.CO;2. 
  15. ^ Gilpin, D.; DiCroce, T. and Carpenter, K. 2007. A possible new basal hadrosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah. K. Carpenter (ed.), Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 79-89.
  16. ^ Chinnery, Brenda J.; and Horner, John R. (2007). "A new neoceratopsian dinosaur linking North American and Asian taxa". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (3): 625–641. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[625:ANNDLN]2.0.CO;2. 
  17. ^ X. Wang, H. You, Q. Meng, C. Gao, X. Cheng and J. Liu. 2007. Dongbetitan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 81(6):911-916.
  18. ^ Irmis, Randall B.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Padian, Kevin; Smith, Nathan D.; Turner, Alan H.; Woody, Daniel; and Downs, Alex (2007). "A Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage from New Mexico and the rise of dinosaurs". Science 317 (5836): 358–361. doi:10.1126/science.1143325. PMID 17641198. 
  19. ^ Butler, Richard J.; Roger M. H. Smith and David B. Norman (2007). "A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Triassic of South Africa, and the early evolution and diversification of Ornithischia". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274 (1621): 2041–6. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0367. PMC 2275175. PMID 17567562. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2275175. 
  20. ^ White, R. and Reilly, T. (2007), "Dino's got head the size of car." The Sun, 8 November 2007. Accessed online 26 May 2008, http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article516666.ece. Archived 2009-06-22.
  21. ^ Calvo, J.O., Porfiri, J.D., González-Riga, B.J., and Kellner, A.W. (2007) "A new Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem from Gondwana with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur". Anais Academia Brasileira Ciencia, 79(3): 529-41.[1]
  22. ^ Xu, X.; Tan, Q.; Wang, J.; Zhao, X.; Tan, L. (2007). "A gigantic bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of China". Nature 447 (7146): 844–847. doi:10.1038/nature05849. PMID 17565365. 
  23. ^ Chengkai, Jia; Forster, Catherine A; Xing, Xu; and Clark, James M. (2007). "The first stegosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition) 81 (3): 351–356. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00959.x. 
  24. ^ a b Kutty, T.S.; Chatterjee, S.; Galton, P.M.; and Upchurch, P. (2007). "Basal sauropodomorphs (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Lower Jurassic of India: their anatomy and relationships". Journal of Paleontology 81 (6): 1552–1574. doi:10.1666/04-074.1. 
  25. ^ Ezcurra, Martin D.; and Cuny, Gilles (2007). "The coelophysoid Lophostropheus airelensis, gen. nov.: a review of the systematics of "Liliensternus" airelensis from the Triassic-Jurassic boundary outcrops of Normandy (France)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 73–86. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[73:TCLAGN]2.0.CO;2. 
  26. ^ Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.-L.; Ji, Q.; Jia, S.-H.; Hu, W.-Y.; Zhang, J.-M.; and Wu, Y.-H. (2007). "New dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan area, western Henan, China". Geological Bulletin of China 26 (7): 777–786. 
  27. ^ Turner, Alan H.; Pol, Diego; Clarke, Julia A.; Erickson, Gregory M.; and Norell, Mark (2007). "A basal dromaeosaurid and size evolution preceding avian flight" (pdf). Science 317 (5843): 1378–1381. doi:10.1126/science.1144066. PMID 17823350. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/317/5843/1378.pdf. 
  28. ^ Mo J.; Zhao Z.; Wang W.; and Xu X. (2007). "The first hadrosaurid dinosaur from southern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition) 81 (4): 550–554. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00978.x. 
  29. ^ Varricchio, David J.; Martin, Anthony J.; and Katsura, Yoshihiro (2007). "First trace and body fossil evidence of a burrowing, denning dinosaur". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274 (1616): 1361–1368. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0443. PMC 2176205. PMID 17374596. http://journals.royalsociety.org/content/uj1k12wh01587821/fulltext.pdf. Retrieved 2007-03-22. 
  30. ^ Rose, Peter J. (2007). "A new titanosauriform sauropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships" (web pages). Palaeontologia Electronica 10 (2). Archived from the original on 2009-06-22. http://palaeo-electronica.org/2007_2/00063/. Retrieved 2009-06-20. 
  31. ^ Galton, Peter M.; Yates, Adam M; and Kermack, D. (2007). "Pantydraco n. gen. for Thecodontosaurus caducus YATES, 2003, a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic or Lower Jurassic of South Wales, UK". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 243 (1): 119–125. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0243-0119. 
  32. ^ Turner, A.S.; Hwang, S.H.; and Norell, M.A. (2007). "A small derived theropod from Öösh, Early Cretaceous, Baykhangor Mongolia". American Museum Novitates 3557: 1–27. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3557[1:ASDTFS]2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original on 2009-06-22. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5845/1/N3557.pdf. Retrieved 2007-03-29. 
  33. ^ Ji, S.; Ji, Q.; Lu, J.; Yuan, C. (2007). "A new giant compsognathid dinosaur with long filamentous integuments from Lower Cretaceous of Northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica 81 (1): 8–15. 
  34. ^ Li D.; Peng C.; You H.; Lamanna, M.C.; Harris, J.D.; Lacovara, K.J.; and Zhang J. (2007). "A large therizinosauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition) 81 (4): 539–549. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00977.x. 
  35. ^ Averianov, A.O.; and Sues, H.-D. (2007). "A new troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian of Uzbekistan, with a review of troodontid records from the territories of the former Soviet Union". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 87–98. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[87:ANTDTF]2.0.CO;2. 
  36. ^ Junchang, Lu; Jin Xingsheng; Sheng Yiming; and Li Yihong (2007). "New nodosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English edition) 81 (3): 344–350. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00958.x. 
  37. ^ Li, Xu; Lu Junchang; Zhang Xingliao; Jia Songhai; Hu Weiyong; Zhang Jiming; Wu Yanhua; and Ji Qiang (2007). "New nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Cretaceous of Ruyang, Henan Province". Acta Geologica Sinica 81 (4): 433–438. 
  38. ^ Zhao, X.; Li, D.; Han, G.; Hao, H.; Liu, F.; Li, L.; and Fang, X. (2007). "Zhuchengosaurus maximus from Shandong Province". Acta Geoscientia Sinica 28 (2): 111–122. doi:10.1007/s10114-005-0808-x. 
  39. ^ Sara Bertelli, Luis M. Chiappe, Claudia Tambussi (2007). "A New Phorusrhacid (Aves: Cariamae) from the Middle Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (2): 409–419. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[409:ANPACF]2.0.CO;2. http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282007%2927%5B409%3AANPACF%5D2.0.CO%3B2?journalCode=vrpa. 
  40. ^ a b Cyril A. Walker, Eric Buffetaut and Gareth J. Dyke (2007). "Large euenantiornithine birds from the Cretaceous of southern France, North America and Argentina". Geological Magazine 144 (6): 977–986. doi:10.1017/S0016756807003871. 
  41. ^ Pigg, K.B.; Dillhoff, R.M. (2007). "New diversity among the Trochodendraceae from the Early/Middle Eocene Okanogan Highlands of British Columbia, Canada, and Northeastern Washington State, United States". International Journal of Plant Sciences 168 (4): 521–532. doi:1058-5893/2007/16804-0013. 
  42. ^ Botha, J., Abdala, F. and Smith, R. (2007). "The oldest cynodont: new clues on the origin and early diversification of the Cynodontia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149: 477–492. 
  43. ^ Nath, T.T. and Yadagiri, P.Y. (2007). "A new mammal-like reptile (Cynodontia) from the Upper Triassic Maleri Formation of Pranhita-Godavari Valley, Andhra Pradesh". Journal of the Geological Society of India 69: 57–60. 
  44. ^ Angielczyk, K.D. (2007). "New specimens of the Tanzanian dicynodont "Cryptocynodon" parringtoni von Huene, 1942 (Therapsida, Anomodontia), with an expanded analysis of Permian dicynodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (2): 116–131. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[116:NSOTTD]2.0.CO;2. 
  45. ^ Sidor, C.A. and Smith, R.M.H. (2007). "A second burnetiamorph therapsid from the Permian Teekloof Formation of South Africa and its associated fauna". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (2): 420–430. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[420:ASBTFT]2.0.CO;2. 
  46. ^ Ni, X; Meng, J; Wu, W; Ye, J (2007). "A new Early Oligocene peradectine marsupial (Mammalia)from the Burqin region of Xinjiang, China". Naturwissenschaften 94 (3): 237–241. doi:10.1007/s00114-006-0182-2. PMID 17136514. http://www.springerlink.com/content/76770u47746j1221/. 
  47. ^ Kunimatsu, Y; Nakatsukasa, M; Sawada, Y; Sakai, T; Hyodo, M; Hyodo, H; Itaya, T; Nakaya, H et al. (2007). "A new Late Miocene great ape from Kenya and its implications for the origins of African great apes and humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (49): 19220–19225. doi:10.1073/pnas.0706190104. PMC 2148271. PMID 18024593. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2148271.